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Providing data to the vangoghworldwide.org platform

In this repo we explain how to provide information to https://vangoghworldwide.org/. Van Gogh Worldwide (VGW) brings together (professional) information about all artworks created by Vincent van Gogh. This documentation is intented for institutions that own or maintain artworks created by Vincent van Gogh and want to contribute.

The starting point of Van Gogh Worldwide is the set of artworks defined in The Works of Vincent van Gogh: His Paintings and Drawings by Jacob Baart de la Faille. Basic metadata of all artworks in de la Faille is provided as open data. You can help extend this basic metadata with information about the production, titles, materials, exhibitions, literature, research and more.

Linked Art

Van Gogh Worldwide builds upon the shared data model provided by the Linked Art community. Socially speaking Linked Art is a growing community of cultural heritiage professionals that are dedicated to sharing information about art as complete and simple as possible. Technically speaking Linked Art is an application profile for encoding metadata as Linked Data with the CIDOC-CRM ontology, serialized as JSON-LD. We encourage you to get acquinted with the fundemantals of linked art and it's basic patterns.

We prefer JSON-LD (obviously as it is the standard) but accept other RDF-serializations, like RDF/XML or Turtle, as well.

General guidelines

  • Provide metadata about the artworks made by Vincent van Gogh in your collection using the patterns described below.
  • Add a link to the VGW URI for the artwork. The VGW URI is based on the De La Faile number when available, for example https://vangoghworldwide.org/data/artwork/F4.
  • Use concepts from the Getty vocabularies (AAT, ULAN and TGN) to describe the medata values, such as the materials, locations, and museums. You can also use the terms from own thesauri provided they contain links (skos:exactMatch) to the Getty vocabularies. Linked Art prescribes to add your own _label, to increase human readability of the data. Please do so, but be aware that VGW ignores the _label and uses the preferred labels from the Getty vocabularies instead.
  • Model dates according to the xsd:dateTime. With machine processable dates we can for example sort artworks by their production date.
  • Add a link to a digital representation of the artwork (image).
  • Provide provenance information about the artwork's current and previous owners.
  • Provide information about the exhibitions the artworks were used in.
  • Provide information about relevant literature.
  • Provide metadata about technical documents. We mean 'documents' in the broader sense of the word, eg. paint-samples, x-ray images, reports.

VGW Patterns

Artwork

Your artwork needs to be identified by an http URI. In Linked Art an artwork is typed as a HumanMadeObject.

{
  "@context": "https://linked.art/ns/v1/linked-art.json",
  "id": "http://vangoghmuseum.nl/data/artwork/s0416M1990",
  "type": "HumanMadeObject"
}

JSON-LD playground | RDF/XML

Object classification

To further specify the object type Linked Art provides a classification pattern. Use a concept from AAT to define the object type.

{
  "@context": "https://linked.art/ns/v1/linked-art.json",
  "id": "http://vangoghmuseum.nl/data/artwork/s0416M1990",
  "type": "HumanMadeObject",
  "classified_as": [
    {
      "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300177435",
      "type": "Type",
      "_label": "paintings"
    }
  ]
}

JSON-LD playground | RDF/XML

The AAT concepts that are relevant for the oeuvre of Vincent van Gogh are:

URI Label
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300033618 Paintings
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300033973 Drawings
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300015617 Sketches
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300041273 Prints

Link to VGW URI

To identify how your artwork relates to Van Gogh Worldwide provide a link to a VGW URI. The VGW URI is based on the Fnumber. list of the available VGW-URIs is found here.

@TBD sameAs does not exist in Linked Art

{
  "@context": "https://linked.art/ns/v1/linked-art.json",
  "id": "http://vangoghmuseum.nl/data/artwork/s0416M1990",
  "type": "HumanMadeObject",
  "sameAs": [
    {
      "id": "https://vangoghworldwide.org/data/artwork/F4"
    }
  ]
}

JSON-LD playground | RDF/XML

Identifiers

Apart from the VGW-URI the artwork can be identified with identifiers used in the context of a current owner or in oeuvre catalogues.

{
  "@context": "https://linked.art/ns/v1/linked-art.json",
  "id": "http://vangoghmuseum.nl/data/artwork/s0416M1990",
  "type": "HumanMadeObject",
  "identified_by": [
    {
      "type": "Identifier",
      "content": "s0416M1990",
      "classified_as": [
        {
          "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300312355",
          "type": "Type",
          "_label": "accession numbers"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "Identifier",
      "content": "F4",
      "classified_as": [
        {
          "id": "https://vangoghworldwide.org/data/concept/f_number",
          "type": "Type",
          "_label": "De La Faille number"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "Identifier",
      "content": "JH187",
      "classified_as": [
        {
          "id": "https://vangoghworldwide.org/data/concept/jh_number",
          "type": "Type",
          "_label": "Jan Hulsker number"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

JSON-LD playground | RDF/XML

As a classification use

URI Label
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300312355 accession number

Two identifiers take a special role in the oeuvre of Vincent van Gogh. The F-number provided by De La Faille in catalogue, and the JH-number provided by Jan Hulsker in The complete Van Gogh. For F-numbers and JH-numbers we recommend the format F4. Do not use F0004, F 4 or f4.

The concepts to classify identifiers are defined in the VGW vocabulary:

URI Label
https://vangoghworldwide.org/data/concept/f_number De La Faille number
https://vangoghworldwide.org/data/concept/jh_number Jan Hulsker number

Titles

In Linked Art titles are also considered identifiers. We thus use the same pattern with identified_by, but with type Name.

{
  "@context": "https://linked.art/ns/v1/linked-art.json",
  "id": "http://vangoghmuseum.nl/data/artwork/s0416M1990",
  "type": "HumanMadeObject",
  "identified_by": [
    {
      "type": "Name",
      "content": "View of the Sea at Scheveningen",
      "language": [
        {
          "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300388277",
          "type": "Language",
          "_label": "English"
        }
      ],
      "classified_as": [
        {
          "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300404670",
          "type": "Type",
          "_label": "Preferred terms"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "identified_by": [
    {
      "type": "Name",
      "content": "Zeezicht in Scheveningen",
      "language": [
        {
          "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300388256",
          "type": "Language",
          "_label": "Dutch"
        }
      ],
      "classified_as": [
        {
          "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300404670",
          "type": "Type",
          "_label": "Preferred terms"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

JSON-LD playground | RDF/XML

As a classification use

URI Label
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300404670 Preferred name

Multiple titles in various languages can be added, but only one preferred name per language is allowed. We expect at least one title in English. Note, that linked art does not use language tags as we know them in other RDF serializations. Instead the language is modelled as a relation to a Language object identified by an AAT concept for this language.

The AAT concepts that are relevant for languages are:

URI Label
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300388277 English
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300388256 Dutch

Current owner

Describe the current owner of the artwork by relating it to a museum or person. Use the Linked Art type Group for a Museum and the Linked art type Person for an individuel.

{
  "@context": "https://linked.art/ns/v1/linked-art.json",
  "id": "http://vangoghmuseum.nl/data/artwork/s0416M1990",
  "type": "HumanMadeObject",
  "current_owner": [
    {
      "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/ulan/500275558",
      "type": "Group",
      "_label":"Van Gogh Museum"
    }
  ]
}

JSON-LD playground | RDF/XML

Use concepts from ULAN for the current owner. In case these are not available use your own identifier and label.

URI Label
http://vocab.getty.edu/ulan/500275558 Van Gogh Museum
http://vocab.getty.edu/ulan/500235923 Kröller-Müller Museum
http://vocab.getty.edu/ulan/500246547 Rijksmuseum

Production

The production of the artwork is modeled as an activity with an agent, a place, a timespan. Optionally the technique by which the artwork was made can be added.

{
  "@context": "https://linked.art/ns/v1/linked-art.json",
  "id": "http://vangoghmuseum.nl/data/artwork/s0416M1990",
  "type": "HumanMadeObject",
  "produced_by": {
    "id": "http://vangoghmuseum.nl/data/artwork_production/s0416M1990",
    "type": "Production",
    "carried_out_by": [
      {
        "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/ulan/500115588",
        "type": "Actor",
        "_label": "Gogh, Vincent van"
      }
    ],
    "technique": [
      {
        "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300054216",
        "type": "Type",
        "_label": "painting"
      }
    ],
    "took_place_at": [
      {
        "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7006810",
        "type": "Place",
        "_label": "'s-Gravenhage"
      }
    ],
    "timespan": [
      {
        "type": "TimeSpan",
        "end_of_the_end": "1882-08-21T00:00:00",
        "begin_of_the_begin": "1882-08-21T23:59:59"
      }
    ]
  }
}

JSON-LD playground | RDF/XML

Creator

Obviously (most of) the artworks in the platform are created by Vincent van Gogh. Use the ULAN URI to model the relation.

URI Label
http://vocab.getty.edu/ulan/500115588 Vincent van Gogh

Location

Use a URI from TGN for the production location

URI Label
http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7006835 Nuenen
http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7008038 Paris
http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7008775 Arles
http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7006810 's-Gravenhage
http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7008030 Auvers-sur-Oise
http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7250304 Parijs
http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7007856 Antwerpen
http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7006824 Etten
http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7003614 Drenthe
http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7008792 Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer
http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7007868 Bruxelles
http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7006952 Amsterdam
http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/1026382 Cuesmes
http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/1047973 Nieuw Amsterdam
http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/1047843 Helvoirt
http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7006798 Dordrecht
http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7012090 Isleworth
http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7011562 Ramsgate
http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7006842 Eindhoven
http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7016995 Laken

Timespan

Time is modeled as timespan with a start and an end date. This means that if you know that the artwork is created on 15 May 1888, it is created between 15 May 1888 00:00:00 (1888-05-15T00:00:00) and 15 May 1888 23:59:59 (1888-05-15T23:59:59). When the date is not known exactly model the first possible begin and the latest possible end.

These machine readable dates are important, for example to sort artworks on date of production.

Technique

Relate the technique used in the production event.

Relevant AAT-concepts:

URI Label
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300054216 painting

(NB: this is the concept for "painting" as an activity, not the objectcategory "paintings")

Previous attribution

Sometimes artworks were falsely assigned to Vincent van Gogh. Linked Art provides a mechanism to model uncertain and changing attributions. You model the production activity in the same way as described above, but instead of providing the carried_out_by directly we use an attribute assignment. Classify the assignment with the concept from the VGW vocabulary Previously attributed to Vincent van Gogh. In the assignment the timespan is used to indicate when the attribution was believed to be valid, thus van Gogh being the creator.

{
  "@context": "https://linked.art/ns/v1/linked-art.json",
  "id": "http://vangoghmuseum.nl/data/artwork/s0076V1962",
  "type": "HumanMadeObject",
  "produced_by": {
    "id": "http://vangoghmuseum.nl/data/artwork_production/s0076V1962",
    "type": "Production",
    "assigned_by": [
      {
        "id": "http://vangoghmuseum.nl/data/artwork_production/s0076V1962/assignment/1", 
        "type": "AttributeAssignment", 
        "classified_as": [
          {
            "id": "https://vangoghworldwide.org/data/concept/previous_attribution", 
            "type": "Type", 
            "_label": "Previously attributed to Vincent van Gogh"
          }
        ], 
        "timespan": {
          "id": "https://linked.art/example/time/19", 
          "type": "TimeSpan", 
          "end_of_the_end": "2016-01-01"
        }, 
        "carried_out_by": [
          {
            "id": "https://linked.art/example/person/30", 
            "type": "Person", 
            "_label": "Paintings Curator"
          }
        ], 
        "assigned": {
          "id": "https://linked.art/example/activity/48", 
          "type": "Production", 
          "carried_out_by": [
            {
              "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/ulan/500115588",
              "type": "Actor",
              "_label": "Gogh, Vincent van"
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

JSON-LD playground | RDF/XML

Dimensions

Dimension consist of a type (eg. height), a value and a measurement unit (eg. centimeters). There must be at least two dimensions (height and width).

{
  "@context": "https://linked.art/ns/v1/linked-art.json",
  "id": "http://vangoghmuseum.nl/data/artwork/s0416M1990",
  "type": "HumanMadeObject",
  "dimension": [
    {
      "id": "http://vangoghmuseum.nl/data/artwork/s0416M1990/dimension/width",
      "type": "Dimension",
      "value": "51.9",
      "classified_as": [
        {
          "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300055647",
          "type": "Type",
          "_label": "width"
        }
      ],
      "unit": {
        "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300379098",
        "type": "MeasurementUnit",
        "_label": "centimeters"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "http://vangoghmuseum.nl/data/artwork/s0416M1990/dimension/height",
      "type": "Dimension",
      "value": "36.4",
      "classified_as": [
        {
          "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300055644",
          "type": "Type",
          "_label": "height"
        }
      ],
      "unit": {
        "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300379098",
        "type": "MeasurementUnit",
        "_label": "centimeters"
      }
    }
  ]
}

JSON-LD playground | RDF/XML

Relevant AAT-concepts for dimension types:

URI Label
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300055644 height
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300055647 width
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300072633 depth

Relevant AAT-concepts for measurment units:

URI Label
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300379099 meters
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300379098 centimeters
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300379101 feet
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300379100 inches

Material

The artwork is constructed out of various materials. Model the material that is used to create the art itself (eg. paint) as a property of the artwork. For the support material (eg. the canvas) see the pattern Support material.

{
  "@context": "https://linked.art/ns/v1/linked-art.json",
  "id": "http://vangoghmuseum.nl/data/artwork/s0416M1990",
  "type": "HumanMadeObject",
  "made_of": [
    {
      "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300015050",
      "type": "Material",
      "_label": "oil paint"
    }
  ]
}

JSON-LD playground | RDF/XML

URI Label
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300015050 oil paint
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300015012 ink
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300011727 chalk
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300080064 red chalk
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300187371 printing ink
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300015017 Chinese ink

Support material

Model the material of the support, such as the canvas in a separate part.

{
  "@context": "https://linked.art/ns/v1/linked-art.json",
  "id": "http://vangoghmuseum.nl/data/artwork/s0416M1990",
  "type": "HumanMadeObject",
  "part": [
    {
      "type": "HumanMadeObject",
      "classified_as": [
        {
          "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300014844",
          "type": "HumanMadeObject",
          "_label": "Canvas Support"
        }
      ],
      "made_of": [
        {
          "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300014078",
          "type": "Material",
          "_label": "canvas"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

JSON-LD playground | RDF/XML

URI Label
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300014109 paper
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300014078 canvas
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300014657 panel
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300014184 laid paper
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300014187 wove paper
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300014170 watercolor paper
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300162474 pasteboard
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300014224 cardboard
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300014067 cotton
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300053013 pasting
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300014205 Masonite (TM)
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300014076 burlap

Subject classification

For the subject matter we only ask you to probide the type of the subject, such as landscape or portrait. You are free to provide the depicted content as well, but these are currently not shown on the VGW platform.

{
  "@context": "https://linked.art/ns/v1/linked-art.json",
  "id": "http://vangoghmuseum.nl/data/artwork/s0416M1990",
  "type": "HumanMadeObject",
  "shows": [
    {
      "type": "VisualItem",
      "classified_as": [
        {
          "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300117546",
          "type": "Type",
          "_label": "Seascape"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

JSON-LD playground | RDF/XML

URI Label
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300015638 still lifes
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300189808 figures
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300015636 landscapes
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300015571 cityscapes
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300015637 portraits
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300124534 self-portraits
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300189568 nudes
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300117546 seascapes
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300139140 genre

Digital representation

Van Gogh Worldwide follows the IIIF standard for images. This enables various functions such as zooming and comparison. To support this please provide the highest resolution you can share. We identified three scenarios to share your images and model the metadata about them.

Your own IIIF server

In case you provide images via your own IIIF server use the following pattern in your data:

{
  "@context": "https://linked.art/ns/v1/linked-art.json",
  "id": "http://vangoghmuseum.nl/data/artwork/s0416M1990",
  "type": "HumanMadeObject",
  "representation": [
    {
      "id": "{BASE_URL_TO_IMAGE_ON_IIIF_SERVER}",
      "type": "VisualItem",
      "conforms_to": [
        {
          "id": "http://iiif.io/api/image"
        }
      ],
      "classified_as": [
        {
          "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300215302",
          "type": "Type",
          "_label": "digital images"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

JSON-LD playground | RDF/XML

Images via url

In case your images are available for public download you provide the urls for each image in the data. Van Gogh Worldwide will then pick up these images and make them available through its IIIF server.

{
  "@context": "https://linked.art/ns/v1/linked-art.json",
  "id": "http://vangoghmuseum.nl/data/artwork/s0416M1990",
  "type": "HumanMadeObject",
  "representation": [
    {
      "id": "{URL_TO_YOUR_IMAGE}",
      "type": "VisualItem",
      "format": "image/jpeg",
      "classified_as": [
        {
          "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300215302",
          "type": "Type",
          "_label": "digital images"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

JSON-LD playground | RDF/XML

IIIF server Van Gogh Worldwide

For some institutions it is not possible to make high resolution images available for public download. A IIIF server provides a solution in this case. The IIIF server of Van Gogh Worldwide restricts the download of images to a maximum resolution of 640000px (800px*800px). But at the same time images are available in the VGW image viewer in full detail using the tiling mechanism of IIIF.

If this case applies to you please contact us. We will make your images available via the IIIF server of Van Gogh Worldwide.

In your data refer to the IIIF server of Van Gogh Worldwide and the identifier of the image. Also include the name of organistion identifier (ORG_ID) that you received from us.

{
  "@context": "https://linked.art/ns/v1/linked-art.json",
  "id": "http://vangoghmuseum.nl/data/artwork/s0416M1990",
  "type": "HumanMadeObject",
  "representation": [
    {
      "id": "https://data.spinque.com/iiif/2/vangoghworldwide%2F{ORG_ID}%2F{IMAGE_FILENAME}.jp2",
      "type": "VisualItem",
      "conforms_to": [
        {
          "id": "http://iiif.io/api/image"
        }
      ],
      "classified_as": [
        {
          "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300215302",
          "type": "Type",
          "_label": "digital images"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

Provenance

The provenance defines the different owners of the artwork and how they acquired the work. Each ownership is modeled as a phase. A phase is initiated by an acquisition (auction, purchase, gift, loan)

{
  "@context": "https://linked.art/ns/v1/linked-art.json",
  "id": "http://vangoghmuseum.nl/data/artwork/s0416M1990",
  "type": "HumanMadeObject",
  "has_phase": [
     {
      "type": "Phase",
      "carried_out_by": [
        {
          "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/ulan/500275558", 
          "type": "Actor", 
          "_label": "Van Gogh Museum", 
          "classified_as": [
            {
              "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300312281", 
              "type": "Type", 
              "_label": "Museum"
            }
          ]
        }
      ], 
      "took_place_at": [
        {
          "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7006952",
          "type": "Place",
          "_label": "Amsterdam"
        }
      ],
      "timespan": [
        {
          "type": "TimeSpan",
          "end_of_the_end": "1990-12-31",
          "begin_of_the_begin": "1949-01-01"
        }
      ],
      "initiated_by": [
        {
          "type": "Acquisition",
          "classified_as": [
            {
              "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300417645",
              "type": "Type",
              "_label": "loan"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

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@TBD Add AAT terms for acquisition types.

URI Label

Exhibitions

Artworks are used for exhibitions. An exhibition is identified by a name, the organisation that carried it out and the time that it took place. Every exhibition MUST HAVE an identifying URI. A blank node for an exhibition is not allowed.

{
  "@context": "https://linked.art/ns/v1/linked-art.json",
  "id": "http://vangoghmuseum.nl/data/artwork/s0416M1990",
  "type": "HumanMadeObject",
  "used_for": [
    {
      "id": "http://vangoghmuseum.nl/data/exhibition/858",
      "type": "Activity",
      "classified_as": [
        {
          "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300054766",
          "type": "Type",
          "_label": "exhibitions"
        }
      ],
      "identified_by": [
        {
          "type": "Name",
          "content": "Eeuwfeest Vincent van Gogh"
        }
      ],
      "carried_out_by": [
        {
          "id": "http://vangoghmuseum.nl/data/person/8045",
          "type": "Actor",
          "_label": "Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam"
        }
      ],
      "timespan": [
        {
          "type": "TimeSpan",
          "end_of_the_end": "1953-09-20",
          "begin_of_the_begin": "1953-07-23"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

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Inscriptions

Signatures

In Linked Art the textual content of an inscription, such as a signature, is a linguistic object that is carried by the artwork. As we might want to capture the physical charactersitcs of an inscription, such as the material or color, we first model a part of the artwork to represent the inscription. This part then carries the linguistic content of the inscription.

{
  "@context": "https://linked.art/ns/v1/linked-art.json",
  "id": "http://vangoghmuseum.nl/data/artwork/s0100V1962",
  "type": "HumanMadeObject",
  "part": [
    {
      "type": "HumanMadeObject",
      "carries": [
        {
          "type": "LinguisticObject", 
          "classified_as": [
            {
              "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300028705",
              "type": "Type",
              "_label": "signatures"
            }
          ],
          "content": "Vincent"
        }
      ],
      "made_of": [
        {
          "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300015012",
          "type": "Material",
          "_label": "ink"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

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URI Label
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300028705 signatures
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300028702 inscriptions

Labels

The same pattern is used to model the content of labels added to the arwork, such as stickers or watermarks.

{
  "@context": "https://linked.art/ns/v1/linked-art.json",
  "id": "https://rkd.nl/explore/images/52947",
  "type": "HumanMadeObject",
  "part": [
    {
      "type": "HumanMadeObject",
      "classified_as": [
        {
          "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300207379",
          "type": "Type",
          "_label": "stickers"
        }
      ],  
      "carries": [
        {
          "id": "https://linked.art/example/text/15", 
          "type": "LinguisticObject",
          "content": "Kunsthandel Oldenzeel Rotterdam" 
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

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Relevant concepts to classify labels:

URI Label
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300207379 stickers
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300028749 watermark

Literature

Technical research

Artworks are analysed in research activities. The output of this research occurs in the form of technical recordings, such as x-rays, or in the form of research reports.

Technical recordings

Technical recordings are itself human made objects and are thus modelled in a similar way as the artworks. A classification is used to indicate the specific type of object. The production activity describes the creator, the creation dates and the technique that is used to create the object. The production activity also defines that the artwork is used as the source (used_specified_object) to produce the technical recording.

{
  "@context": "https://linked.art/ns/v1/linked-art.json",
  "id": "https://data.rkd.nl/technical/5018290",
  "type": "HumanMadeObject",
  "classified_as": [
    {
      "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300419325",
      "type": "Type",
      "_label": "x-radiographs"
    }
  ],
  "produced_by": {
    "id": "https://data.rkd.nl/technical/production/5018290",
    "type": "Production",
    "_label": "Production of the x-ray",
    "used_specific_object": [
      {
        "id": "https://data.rkd.nl/images/52947",
        "type": "HumanMadeObject",
        "_label": "The artwork from which the X-ray is created"
      }
    ],
    "carried_out_by": [
      {
        "id": "https://data.rkd.nl/artists/440500",
        "type": "Actor",
        "_label": "Gerritsen, René"
      }
    ],
    "timespan": [
      {
        "type": "TimeSpan",
        "begin_of_the_begin": "2016-01-19",
        "end_of_the_end": "2016-01-19"
      }
    ],
    "technique": [
      {
        "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300419323",
        "type": "Type",
        "_label": "x-ray photography"
      }
    ]
  },
  "representation": [
    {
      "id": "{URL_TO_YOUR_IMAGE}",
      "type": "VisualItem",
      "format": "image/jpeg",
      "classified_as": [
        {
          "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300215302",
          "type": "Type",
          "_label": "digital images"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

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Relevant objects types

URI Label
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300419325 x-radiographs
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300046300 photographs

When a tehnical recording is classified as a photograph the production technique can be used to provide more detail information.

URI Label
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300051987 floodlighting

Technical reports

Reports are modelled in a similar way as technical recording. The only difference is that we are not modelling the physical object, but a linguistic object. Therefore use LinguistObject as the type and "created_by" instead of "produced_by". The relation to the artwork is also added

{
  "@context": "https://linked.art/ns/v1/linked-art.json",
  "id": "https://data.rkd.nl/technical/5001263",
  "type": "LinguisticObject",
  "classified_as": [
    {
      "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300027323",
      "type": "Type",
      "_label": "Technical report"
    }
  ],
  "identified_by": [
    {
      "type": "Name", 
      "content": "{Title of the report}"
    }
  ],
  "created_by": {
    "id": "https://data.rkd.nl/technical/production/5018290",
    "type": "Production",
    "_label": "Production of the report",
    "used_specific_object": [
      {
        "id": "https://data.rkd.nl/images/52953",
        "type": "HumanMadeObject",
        "_label": "The artwork investigated in the report"
      }
    ],
    "carried_out_by": [
      {
        "id": "https://data.rkd.nl/artists/443078",
        "type": "Actor",
        "_label": "Werf, P. van der"
      }
    ],
    "timespan": [
      {
        "type": "TimeSpan",
        "begin_of_the_begin": "2016-01-19",
        "end_of_the_end": "2016-01-19"
      }
    ]
  }
}

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URI Label
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300027323 Technical report

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Documentation on the use of linkedart - with examples

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