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Section Menu:
Documentation Home
MySQL 9.3 Reference Manual
Preface and Legal Notices
General Information
Installing MySQL
Upgrading MySQL
Downgrading MySQL
Tutorial
MySQL Programs
MySQL Server Administration
Security
Backup and Recovery
Optimization
Language Structure
Character Sets, Collations, Unicode
Data Types
Functions and Operators
SQL Statements
Data Definition Statements
Atomic Data Definition Statement Support
ALTER DATABASE Statement
ALTER EVENT Statement
ALTER FUNCTION Statement
ALTER INSTANCE Statement
ALTER LIBRARY Statement
ALTER LOGFILE GROUP Statement
ALTER PROCEDURE Statement
ALTER SERVER Statement
ALTER TABLE Statement
ALTER TABLE Partition Operations
ALTER TABLE and Generated Columns
ALTER TABLE Examples
ALTER TABLESPACE Statement
ALTER VIEW Statement
CREATE DATABASE Statement
CREATE EVENT Statement
CREATE FUNCTION Statement
CREATE INDEX Statement
CREATE LIBRARY Statement
CREATE LOGFILE GROUP Statement
CREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION Statements
CREATE SERVER Statement
CREATE SPATIAL REFERENCE SYSTEM Statement
CREATE TABLE Statement
Files Created by CREATE TABLE
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE Statement
CREATE TABLE ... LIKE Statement
CREATE TABLE ... SELECT Statement
FOREIGN KEY Constraints
CHECK Constraints
Silent Column Specification Changes
CREATE TABLE and Generated Columns
Secondary Indexes and Generated Columns
Invisible Columns
Generated Invisible Primary Keys
Setting NDB Comment Options
CREATE TABLESPACE Statement
CREATE TRIGGER Statement
CREATE VIEW Statement
DROP DATABASE Statement
DROP EVENT Statement
DROP FUNCTION Statement
DROP INDEX Statement
DROP LIBRARY Statement
DROP LOGFILE GROUP Statement
DROP PROCEDURE and DROP FUNCTION Statements
DROP SERVER Statement
DROP SPATIAL REFERENCE SYSTEM Statement
DROP TABLE Statement
DROP TABLESPACE Statement
DROP TRIGGER Statement
DROP VIEW Statement
RENAME TABLE Statement
TRUNCATE TABLE Statement
Data Manipulation Statements
CALL Statement
DELETE Statement
DO Statement
EXCEPT Clause
HANDLER Statement
IMPORT TABLE Statement
INSERT Statement
INSERT ... SELECT Statement
INSERT ... ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE Statement
INSERT DELAYED Statement
INTERSECT Clause
LOAD DATA Statement
LOAD XML Statement
Parenthesized Query Expressions
REPLACE Statement
SELECT Statement
SELECT ... INTO Statement
JOIN Clause
Set Operations with UNION, INTERSECT, and EXCEPT
Subqueries
The Subquery as Scalar Operand
Comparisons Using Subqueries
Subqueries with ANY, IN, or SOME
Subqueries with ALL
Row Subqueries
Subqueries with EXISTS or NOT EXISTS
Correlated Subqueries
Derived Tables
Lateral Derived Tables
Subquery Errors
Optimizing Subqueries
Restrictions on Subqueries
TABLE Statement
UPDATE Statement
UNION Clause
VALUES Statement
WITH (Common Table Expressions)
Transactional and Locking Statements
START TRANSACTION, COMMIT, and ROLLBACK Statements
Statements That Cannot Be Rolled Back
Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit
SAVEPOINT, ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT, and RELEASE SAVEPOINT Statements
LOCK INSTANCE FOR BACKUP and UNLOCK INSTANCE Statements
LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Statements
SET TRANSACTION Statement
XA Transactions
XA Transaction SQL Statements
XA Transaction States
Restrictions on XA Transactions
Replication Statements
SQL Statements for Controlling Source Servers
PURGE BINARY LOGS Statement
RESET BINARY LOGS AND GTIDS Statement
SET sql_log_bin Statement
SQL Statements for Controlling Replica Servers
CHANGE REPLICATION FILTER Statement
CHANGE REPLICATION SOURCE TO Statement
RESET REPLICA Statement
START REPLICA Statement
STOP REPLICA Statement
SQL Statements for Controlling Group Replication
START GROUP_REPLICATION Statement
STOP GROUP_REPLICATION Statement
Prepared Statements
PREPARE Statement
EXECUTE Statement
DEALLOCATE PREPARE Statement
Compound Statement Syntax
BEGIN ... END Compound Statement
Statement Labels
DECLARE Statement
Variables in Stored Programs
Local Variable DECLARE Statement
Local Variable Scope and Resolution
Flow Control Statements
CASE Statement
IF Statement
ITERATE Statement
LEAVE Statement
LOOP Statement
REPEAT Statement
RETURN Statement
WHILE Statement
Cursors
Cursor CLOSE Statement
Cursor DECLARE Statement
Cursor FETCH Statement
Cursor OPEN Statement
Restrictions on Server-Side Cursors
Condition Handling
DECLARE ... CONDITION Statement
DECLARE ... HANDLER Statement
GET DIAGNOSTICS Statement
RESIGNAL Statement
SIGNAL Statement
Scope Rules for Handlers
The MySQL Diagnostics Area
Condition Handling and OUT or INOUT Parameters
Restrictions on Condition Handling
Database Administration Statements
Account Management Statements
ALTER USER Statement
CREATE ROLE Statement
CREATE USER Statement
DROP ROLE Statement
DROP USER Statement
GRANT Statement
RENAME USER Statement
REVOKE Statement
SET DEFAULT ROLE Statement
SET PASSWORD Statement
SET ROLE Statement
Resource Group Management Statements
ALTER RESOURCE GROUP Statement
CREATE RESOURCE GROUP Statement
DROP RESOURCE GROUP Statement
SET RESOURCE GROUP Statement
Table Maintenance Statements
ANALYZE TABLE Statement
CHECK TABLE Statement
CHECKSUM TABLE Statement
OPTIMIZE TABLE Statement
REPAIR TABLE Statement
Component, Plugin, and Loadable Function Statements
CREATE FUNCTION Statement for Loadable Functions
DROP FUNCTION Statement for Loadable Functions
INSTALL COMPONENT Statement
INSTALL PLUGIN Statement
UNINSTALL COMPONENT Statement
UNINSTALL PLUGIN Statement
CLONE Statement
SET Statements
SET Syntax for Variable Assignment
SET CHARACTER SET Statement
SET NAMES Statement
SHOW Statements
SHOW BINARY LOG STATUS Statement
SHOW BINARY LOGS Statement
SHOW BINLOG EVENTS Statement
SHOW CHARACTER SET Statement
SHOW COLLATION Statement
SHOW COLUMNS Statement
SHOW CREATE DATABASE Statement
SHOW CREATE EVENT Statement
SHOW CREATE FUNCTION Statement
SHOW CREATE LIBRARY Statement
SHOW CREATE PROCEDURE Statement
SHOW CREATE TABLE Statement
SHOW CREATE TRIGGER Statement
SHOW CREATE USER Statement
SHOW CREATE VIEW Statement
SHOW DATABASES Statement
SHOW ENGINE Statement
SHOW ENGINES Statement
SHOW ERRORS Statement
SHOW EVENTS Statement
SHOW FUNCTION CODE Statement
SHOW FUNCTION STATUS Statement
SHOW GRANTS Statement
SHOW INDEX Statement
SHOW LIBRARY STATUS Statement
SHOW OPEN TABLES Statement
SHOW PARSE_TREE Statement
SHOW PLUGINS Statement
SHOW PRIVILEGES Statement
SHOW PROCEDURE CODE Statement
SHOW PROCEDURE STATUS Statement
SHOW PROCESSLIST Statement
SHOW PROFILE Statement
SHOW PROFILES Statement
SHOW RELAYLOG EVENTS Statement
SHOW REPLICA STATUS Statement
SHOW REPLICAS Statement
SHOW STATUS Statement
SHOW TABLE STATUS Statement
SHOW TABLES Statement
SHOW TRIGGERS Statement
SHOW VARIABLES Statement
SHOW WARNINGS Statement
Other Administrative Statements
BINLOG Statement
CACHE INDEX Statement
FLUSH Statement
KILL Statement
LOAD INDEX INTO CACHE Statement
RESET Statement
RESET PERSIST Statement
RESTART Statement
SHUTDOWN Statement
Utility Statements
DESCRIBE Statement