# Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
# Licensed under the MIT License.

"""Trainers for regression."""

import os
from typing import Any

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import segmentation_models_pytorch as smp
import timm
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
from torch import Tensor
from torchmetrics import MeanAbsoluteError, MeanSquaredError, MetricCollection
from torchvision.models._api import WeightsEnum

from ..datasets import RGBBandsMissingError, unbind_samples
from ..models import FCN, get_weight
from . import utils
from .base import BaseTask


class RegressionTask(BaseTask):
    """Regression."""

    target_key = 'label'

    def __init__(
        self,
        model: str = 'resnet50',
        backbone: str = 'resnet50',
        weights: WeightsEnum | str | bool | None = None,
        in_channels: int = 3,
        num_outputs: int = 1,
        num_filters: int = 3,
        loss: str = 'mse',
        lr: float = 1e-3,
        patience: int = 10,
        freeze_backbone: bool = False,
        freeze_decoder: bool = False,
    ) -> None:
        """Initialize a new RegressionTask instance.

        Args:
            model: Name of the
                `timm <https://huggingface.co/docs/timm/reference/models>`__ or
                `smp <https://smp.readthedocs.io/en/latest/models.html>`__ model to use.
            backbone: Name of the
                `timm <https://smp.readthedocs.io/en/latest/encoders_timm.html>`__ or
                `smp <https://smp.readthedocs.io/en/latest/encoders.html>`__ backbone
                to use. Only applicable to PixelwiseRegressionTask.
            weights: Initial model weights. Either a weight enum, the string
                representation of a weight enum, True for ImageNet weights, False
                or None for random weights, or the path to a saved model state dict.
            in_channels: Number of input channels to model.
            num_outputs: Number of prediction outputs.
            num_filters: Number of filters. Only applicable when model='fcn'.
            loss: One of 'mse' or 'mae'.
            lr: Learning rate for optimizer.
            patience: Patience for learning rate scheduler.
            freeze_backbone: Freeze the backbone network to linear probe
                the regression head. Does not support FCN models.
            freeze_decoder: Freeze the decoder network to linear probe
                the regression head. Does not support FCN models.
                Only applicable to PixelwiseRegressionTask.

        .. versionchanged:: 0.4
           Change regression model support from torchvision.models to timm

        .. versionadded:: 0.5
           The *freeze_backbone* and *freeze_decoder* parameters.

        .. versionchanged:: 0.5
           *learning_rate* and *learning_rate_schedule_patience* were renamed to
           *lr* and *patience*.
        """
        self.weights = weights
        super().__init__(ignore='weights')

    def configure_models(self) -> None:
        """Initialize the model."""
        # Create model
        weights = self.weights
        self.model = timm.create_model(
            self.hparams['model'],
            num_classes=self.hparams['num_outputs'],
            in_chans=self.hparams['in_channels'],
            pretrained=weights is True,
        )

        # Load weights
        if weights and weights is not True:
            if isinstance(weights, WeightsEnum):
                state_dict = weights.get_state_dict(progress=True)
            elif os.path.exists(weights):
                _, state_dict = utils.extract_backbone(weights)
            else:
                state_dict = get_weight(weights).get_state_dict(progress=True)
            utils.load_state_dict(self.model, state_dict)

        # Freeze backbone and unfreeze classifier head
        if self.hparams['freeze_backbone']:
            for param in self.model.parameters():
                param.requires_grad = False
            for param in self.model.get_classifier().parameters():
                param.requires_grad = True

    def configure_losses(self) -> None:
        """Initialize the loss criterion.

        Raises:
            ValueError: If *loss* is invalid.
        """
        loss: str = self.hparams['loss']
        if loss == 'mse':
            self.criterion: nn.Module = nn.MSELoss()
        elif loss == 'mae':
            self.criterion = nn.L1Loss()
        else:
            raise ValueError(
                f"Loss type '{loss}' is not valid. "
                "Currently, supports 'mse' or 'mae' loss."
            )

    def configure_metrics(self) -> None:
        """Initialize the performance metrics.

        * :class:`~torchmetrics.MeanSquaredError`: The average of the squared
          differences between the predicted and actual values (MSE) and its
          square root (RMSE). Lower values are better.
        * :class:`~torchmetrics.MeanAbsoluteError`: The average of the absolute
          differences between the predicted and actual values (MAE).
          Lower values are better.
        """
        metrics = MetricCollection(
            {
                'RMSE': MeanSquaredError(squared=False),
                'MSE': MeanSquaredError(squared=True),
                'MAE': MeanAbsoluteError(),
            }
        )
        self.train_metrics = metrics.clone(prefix='train_')
        self.val_metrics = metrics.clone(prefix='val_')
        self.test_metrics = metrics.clone(prefix='test_')

    def training_step(
        self, batch: Any, batch_idx: int, dataloader_idx: int = 0
    ) -> Tensor:
        """Compute the training loss and additional metrics.

        Args:
            batch: The output of your DataLoader.
            batch_idx: Integer displaying index of this batch.
            dataloader_idx: Index of the current dataloader.

        Returns:
            The loss tensor.
        """
        x = batch['image']
        batch_size = x.shape[0]
        # TODO: remove .to(...) once we have a real pixelwise regression dataset
        y = batch[self.target_key].to(torch.float)
        y_hat = self(x)
        if y_hat.ndim != y.ndim:
            y = y.unsqueeze(dim=1)
        loss: Tensor = self.criterion(y_hat, y)
        self.log('train_loss', loss, batch_size=batch_size)
        self.train_metrics(y_hat, y)
        self.log_dict(self.train_metrics, batch_size=batch_size)

        return loss

    def validation_step(
        self, batch: Any, batch_idx: int, dataloader_idx: int = 0
    ) -> None:
        """Compute the validation loss and additional metrics.

        Args:
            batch: The output of your DataLoader.
            batch_idx: Integer displaying index of this batch.
            dataloader_idx: Index of the current dataloader.
        """
        x = batch['image']
        batch_size = x.shape[0]
        # TODO: remove .to(...) once we have a real pixelwise regression dataset
        y = batch[self.target_key].to(torch.float)
        y_hat = self(x)
        if y_hat.ndim != y.ndim:
            y = y.unsqueeze(dim=1)
        loss = self.criterion(y_hat, y)
        self.log('val_loss', loss, batch_size=batch_size)
        self.val_metrics(y_hat, y)
        self.log_dict(self.val_metrics, batch_size=batch_size)

        if (
            batch_idx < 10
            and hasattr(self.trainer, 'datamodule')
            and hasattr(self.trainer.datamodule, 'plot')
            and self.logger
            and hasattr(self.logger, 'experiment')
            and hasattr(self.logger.experiment, 'add_figure')
        ):
            datamodule = self.trainer.datamodule
            if self.target_key == 'mask':
                y = y.squeeze(dim=1)
                y_hat = y_hat.squeeze(dim=1)
            batch['prediction'] = y_hat
            for key in ['image', self.target_key, 'prediction']:
                batch[key] = batch[key].cpu()
            sample = unbind_samples(batch)[0]

            fig: Figure | None = None
            try:
                fig = datamodule.plot(sample)
            except RGBBandsMissingError:
                pass

            if fig:
                summary_writer = self.logger.experiment
                summary_writer.add_figure(
                    f'image/{batch_idx}', fig, global_step=self.global_step
                )
                plt.close()

    def test_step(self, batch: Any, batch_idx: int, dataloader_idx: int = 0) -> None:
        """Compute the test loss and additional metrics.

        Args:
            batch: The output of your DataLoader.
            batch_idx: Integer displaying index of this batch.
            dataloader_idx: Index of the current dataloader.
        """
        x = batch['image']
        batch_size = x.shape[0]
        # TODO: remove .to(...) once we have a real pixelwise regression dataset
        y = batch[self.target_key].to(torch.float)
        y_hat = self(x)
        if y_hat.ndim != y.ndim:
            y = y.unsqueeze(dim=1)
        loss = self.criterion(y_hat, y)
        self.log('test_loss', loss, batch_size=batch_size)
        self.test_metrics(y_hat, y)
        self.log_dict(self.test_metrics, batch_size=batch_size)

    def predict_step(
        self, batch: Any, batch_idx: int, dataloader_idx: int = 0
    ) -> Tensor:
        """Compute the predicted regression values.

        Args:
            batch: The output of your DataLoader.
            batch_idx: Integer displaying index of this batch.
            dataloader_idx: Index of the current dataloader.

        Returns:
            Output predicted probabilities.
        """
        x = batch['image']
        y_hat: Tensor = self(x)
        return y_hat


class PixelwiseRegressionTask(RegressionTask):
    """LightningModule for pixelwise regression of images.

    .. versionadded:: 0.5
    """

    target_key = 'mask'

    def configure_models(self) -> None:
        """Initialize the model."""
        weights = self.weights

        if self.hparams['model'] == 'unet':
            self.model = smp.Unet(
                encoder_name=self.hparams['backbone'],
                encoder_weights='imagenet' if weights is True else None,
                in_channels=self.hparams['in_channels'],
                classes=1,
            )
        elif self.hparams['model'] == 'deeplabv3+':
            self.model = smp.DeepLabV3Plus(
                encoder_name=self.hparams['backbone'],
                encoder_weights='imagenet' if weights is True else None,
                in_channels=self.hparams['in_channels'],
                classes=1,
            )
        elif self.hparams['model'] == 'fcn':
            self.model = FCN(
                in_channels=self.hparams['in_channels'],
                classes=1,
                num_filters=self.hparams['num_filters'],
            )
        else:
            raise ValueError(
                f"Model type '{self.hparams['model']}' is not valid. "
                "Currently, only supports 'unet', 'deeplabv3+' and 'fcn'."
            )

        if self.hparams['model'] != 'fcn':
            if weights and weights is not True:
                if isinstance(weights, WeightsEnum):
                    state_dict = weights.get_state_dict(progress=True)
                elif os.path.exists(weights):
                    _, state_dict = utils.extract_backbone(weights)
                else:
                    state_dict = get_weight(weights).get_state_dict(progress=True)
                self.model.encoder.load_state_dict(state_dict)

        # Freeze backbone
        if self.hparams.get('freeze_backbone', False) and self.hparams['model'] in [
            'unet',
            'deeplabv3+',
        ]:
            for param in self.model.encoder.parameters():
                param.requires_grad = False

        # Freeze decoder
        if self.hparams.get('freeze_decoder', False) and self.hparams['model'] in [
            'unet',
            'deeplabv3+',
        ]:
            for param in self.model.decoder.parameters():
                param.requires_grad = False
