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 * except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
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package org.jruby;

import java.lang.ref.SoftReference;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.CharBuffer;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.nio.charset.CharsetDecoder;
import java.nio.charset.CharsetEncoder;
import java.nio.charset.CodingErrorAction;

import org.jcodings.Encoding;
import org.jcodings.EncodingDB.Entry;
import org.jcodings.specific.USASCIIEncoding;
import org.jcodings.util.CaseInsensitiveBytesHash;
import org.jcodings.util.Hash.HashEntryIterator;
import org.jruby.anno.JRubyClass;
import org.jruby.anno.JRubyMethod;
import org.jruby.runtime.ClassIndex;
import org.jruby.runtime.ObjectAllocator;
import org.jruby.runtime.ThreadContext;
import org.jruby.runtime.builtin.IRubyObject;
import org.jruby.runtime.encoding.EncodingCapable;
import org.jruby.runtime.encoding.EncodingService;
import org.jruby.util.ByteList;
import org.jruby.util.StringSupport;
import static org.jruby.CompatVersion.*;
import org.jruby.util.io.EncodingUtils;
import org.jruby.util.unsafe.UnsafeHolder;

@JRubyClass(name="Encoding")
public class RubyEncoding extends RubyObject {
    public static final Charset UTF8 = Charset.forName("UTF-8");
    public static final Charset UTF16 = Charset.forName("UTF-16");
    public static final Charset ISO = Charset.forName("ISO-8859-1");
    public static final ByteList LOCALE = ByteList.create("locale");
    public static final ByteList EXTERNAL = ByteList.create("external");

    public static RubyClass createEncodingClass(Ruby runtime) {
        RubyClass encodingc = runtime.defineClass("Encoding", runtime.getObject(), ObjectAllocator.NOT_ALLOCATABLE_ALLOCATOR);
        runtime.setEncoding(encodingc);
        encodingc.index = ClassIndex.ENCODING;
        encodingc.setReifiedClass(RubyEncoding.class);
        encodingc.kindOf = new RubyModule.JavaClassKindOf(RubyEncoding.class);

        encodingc.getSingletonClass().undefineMethod("allocate");
        encodingc.defineAnnotatedMethods(RubyEncoding.class);

        return encodingc;
    }

    private Encoding encoding;
    private final ByteList name;
    private final boolean isDummy;

    private RubyEncoding(Ruby runtime, byte[] name, int p, int end, boolean isDummy) {
        super(runtime, runtime.getEncoding());
        this.name = new ByteList(name, p, end);
        this.isDummy = isDummy;
    }
    
    private RubyEncoding(Ruby runtime, byte[] name, boolean isDummy) {
        this(runtime, name, 0, name.length, isDummy);
    }

    private RubyEncoding(Ruby runtime, Encoding encoding) {
        super(runtime, runtime.getEncoding());
        this.name = new ByteList(encoding.getName());
        this.isDummy = false;
        this.encoding = encoding;
    }

    private RubyEncoding(Ruby runtime, byte[] name, Encoding encoding, boolean isDummy) {
        super(runtime, runtime.getEncoding());
        this.name = new ByteList(name);
        this.isDummy = isDummy;
        this.encoding = encoding;
    }

    public static RubyEncoding newEncoding(Ruby runtime, byte[] name, int p, int end, boolean isDummy) {
        return new RubyEncoding(runtime, name, p, end, isDummy);
    }

    public static RubyEncoding newEncoding(Ruby runtime, byte[] name, boolean isDummy) {
        return new RubyEncoding(runtime, name, isDummy);
    }

    public static RubyEncoding newEncoding(Ruby runtime, Encoding encoding) {
        return new RubyEncoding(runtime, encoding);
    }

    public final Encoding getEncoding() {
        // TODO: make threadsafe
        if (encoding == null) encoding = getRuntime().getEncodingService().loadEncoding(name);
        return encoding;
    }
    
    private static Encoding extractEncodingFromObject(IRubyObject obj) {
        if (obj instanceof RubyEncoding) return ((RubyEncoding) obj).getEncoding();
        if (obj instanceof RubySymbol) return ((RubySymbol) obj).asString().getEncoding();
        if (obj instanceof EncodingCapable) return ((EncodingCapable) obj).getEncoding();
        
        return null;
    }

    public static Encoding areCompatible(IRubyObject obj1, IRubyObject obj2) {
        Encoding enc1 = extractEncodingFromObject(obj1);
        Encoding enc2 = extractEncodingFromObject(obj2);
        
        if (enc1 == null || enc2 == null) return null;
        if (enc1 == enc2) return enc1;

        if (obj2 instanceof RubyString && ((RubyString) obj2).getByteList().getRealSize() == 0) return enc1;
        if (obj1 instanceof RubyString && ((RubyString) obj1).getByteList().getRealSize() == 0) {
            return enc1.isAsciiCompatible() && obj2 instanceof RubyString && 
                    ((RubyString) obj2).isAsciiOnly() ? enc1 : enc2;
        }
        
        if (!enc1.isAsciiCompatible() || !enc2.isAsciiCompatible()) return null;

        if (!(obj2 instanceof RubyString) && enc2 instanceof USASCIIEncoding) return enc1;
        if (!(obj1 instanceof RubyString) && enc1 instanceof USASCIIEncoding) return enc2;

        if (!(obj1 instanceof RubyString)) {
            IRubyObject objTmp = obj1; // swap1 obj1 & obj2
            obj1 = obj2;
            obj2 = objTmp;

            Encoding encTmp = enc1;  // swap their encodings
            enc1 = enc2;
            enc2 = encTmp;
        }

        if (obj1 instanceof RubyString) {
            int cr1 = ((RubyString)obj1).scanForCodeRange();
            if (obj2 instanceof RubyString) {
                int cr2 = ((RubyString)obj2).scanForCodeRange();
                return areCompatible(enc1, cr1, enc2, cr2);
            }
            if (cr1 == StringSupport.CR_7BIT) return enc2;
        }

        return null;
    }

    // last block in rb_enc_compatible
    static Encoding areCompatible(Encoding enc1, int cr1, Encoding enc2, int cr2) {
        if (cr1 != cr2) {
            /* may need to handle ENC_CODERANGE_BROKEN */
            if (cr1 == StringSupport.CR_7BIT) return enc2;
            if (cr2 == StringSupport.CR_7BIT) return enc1;
        }
        if (cr2 == StringSupport.CR_7BIT) return enc1;
        if (cr1 == StringSupport.CR_7BIT) return enc2;
        return null;
    }

    public static byte[] encodeUTF8(CharSequence cs) {
        return getUTF8Coder().encode(cs);
    }

    public static byte[] encodeUTF8(String str) {
        return getUTF8Coder().encode(str);
    }

    private static final int CHAR_ARRAY_BASE;
    private static final int BYTE_ARRAY_BASE;
    private static final Field VALUE_FIELD;
    private static final long VALUE_FIELD_OFFSET;
    static {
        Field valueField = null;
        try {
            valueField = String.class.getDeclaredField("value");
        } catch (Exception e) {
        }
        VALUE_FIELD = valueField;
        long valueFieldOffset = -1;
        try {
            valueFieldOffset = UnsafeHolder.U.objectFieldOffset(VALUE_FIELD);
        } catch (Exception e) {
        }
        VALUE_FIELD_OFFSET = valueFieldOffset;
        int charArrayBase = -1;
        try {
            charArrayBase = UnsafeHolder.U.arrayBaseOffset(char[].class);
        } catch (Exception e) {
        }
        CHAR_ARRAY_BASE = charArrayBase;
        int byteArrayBase = -1;
        try {
            byteArrayBase = UnsafeHolder.U.arrayBaseOffset(byte[].class);
        } catch (Exception e) {
        }
        BYTE_ARRAY_BASE = byteArrayBase;
    }

    public static byte[] encodeUTF16(String str) {
        if (VALUE_FIELD_OFFSET == -1) return encode(str, UTF16);
        char[] chars = (char[]) UnsafeHolder.U.getObject(str, VALUE_FIELD_OFFSET);
        int length = chars.length * 2;
        byte[] bytes = new byte[length];
        UnsafeHolder.U.copyMemory(chars, CHAR_ARRAY_BASE, bytes, BYTE_ARRAY_BASE, length);
        return bytes;
    }

    public static byte[] encodeUTF16(CharSequence str) {
        return encodeUTF16(str.toString());
    }

    public static byte[] encode(CharSequence cs, Charset charset) {
        ByteBuffer buffer = charset.encode(cs.toString());
        byte[] bytes = new byte[buffer.limit()];
        buffer.get(bytes);
        return bytes;
    }

    public static byte[] encode(String str, Charset charset) {
        ByteBuffer buffer = charset.encode(str);
        byte[] bytes = new byte[buffer.limit()];
        buffer.get(bytes);
        return bytes;
    }

    public static String decodeUTF8(byte[] bytes, int start, int length) {
        return getUTF8Coder().decode(bytes, start, length);
    }

    public static String decodeUTF8(byte[] bytes) {
        return getUTF8Coder().decode(bytes);
    }

    public static String decode(byte[] bytes, int start, int length, Charset charset) {
        return charset.decode(ByteBuffer.wrap(bytes, start, length)).toString();
    }

    public static String decode(byte[] bytes, Charset charset) {
        return charset.decode(ByteBuffer.wrap(bytes)).toString();
    }
    
    private static class UTF8Coder {
        private final CharsetEncoder encoder = UTF8.newEncoder();
        private final CharsetDecoder decoder = UTF8.newDecoder();
        /** The maximum number of characters we can encode/decode in our cached buffers */
        private static final int CHAR_THRESHOLD = 1024;
        /** The resulting encode/decode buffer sized by the max number of
         * characters (using 4 bytes per char possible for utf-8) */
        private static final int BUF_SIZE = CHAR_THRESHOLD * 4;
        private final ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(BUF_SIZE);
        private final CharBuffer charBuffer = CharBuffer.allocate(BUF_SIZE);

        public UTF8Coder() {
            decoder.onMalformedInput(CodingErrorAction.REPLACE);
            decoder.onUnmappableCharacter(CodingErrorAction.REPLACE);
        }

        public byte[] encode(CharSequence cs) {
            ByteBuffer buffer;
            if (cs.length() > CHAR_THRESHOLD) {
                buffer = UTF8.encode(cs.toString());
            } else {
                buffer = byteBuffer;
                CharBuffer cbuffer = charBuffer;
                buffer.clear();
                cbuffer.clear();
                cbuffer.put(cs.toString());
                cbuffer.flip();
                encoder.encode(cbuffer, buffer, true);
                buffer.flip();
            }
            
            byte[] bytes = new byte[buffer.limit()];
            buffer.get(bytes);
            return bytes;
        }
        
        public String decode(byte[] bytes, int start, int length) {
            CharBuffer cbuffer;
            if (length > CHAR_THRESHOLD) {
                cbuffer = UTF8.decode(ByteBuffer.wrap(bytes, start, length));
            } else {
                cbuffer = charBuffer;
                ByteBuffer buffer = byteBuffer;
                cbuffer.clear();
                buffer.clear();
                buffer.put(bytes, start, length);
                buffer.flip();
                decoder.decode(buffer, cbuffer, true);
                cbuffer.flip();
            }
            
            return cbuffer.toString();
        }
        
        public String decode(byte[] bytes) {
            return decode(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
        }
    }

    /**
     * UTF8Coder wrapped in a SoftReference to avoid possible ClassLoader leak.
     * See JRUBY-6522
     */
    private static final ThreadLocal<SoftReference<UTF8Coder>> UTF8_CODER =
        new ThreadLocal<SoftReference<UTF8Coder>>();

    private static UTF8Coder getUTF8Coder() {
        UTF8Coder coder;
        SoftReference<UTF8Coder> ref = UTF8_CODER.get();
        if (ref == null || (coder = ref.get()) == null) {
            coder = new UTF8Coder();
            ref = new SoftReference<UTF8Coder>(coder);
            UTF8_CODER.set(ref);
        }
        
        return coder;
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = "list", meta = true)
    public static IRubyObject list(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject recv) {
        Ruby runtime = context.runtime;
        return RubyArray.newArrayNoCopy(runtime, runtime.getEncodingService().getEncodingList(), 0);
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = "locale_charmap", meta = true)
    public static IRubyObject locale_charmap(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject recv) {
        Ruby runtime = context.runtime;
        EncodingService service = runtime.getEncodingService();
        ByteList name = new ByteList(service.getLocaleEncoding().getName());
        
        return RubyString.newUsAsciiStringNoCopy(runtime, name);
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    @JRubyMethod(name = "name_list", meta = true)
    public static IRubyObject name_list(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject recv) {
        Ruby runtime = context.runtime;
        EncodingService service = runtime.getEncodingService();
        
        RubyArray result = runtime.newArray(service.getEncodings().size() + service.getAliases().size());
        HashEntryIterator i;
        i = service.getEncodings().entryIterator();
        while (i.hasNext()) {
            CaseInsensitiveBytesHash.CaseInsensitiveBytesHashEntry<Entry> e = 
                ((CaseInsensitiveBytesHash.CaseInsensitiveBytesHashEntry<Entry>)i.next());
            result.append(RubyString.newUsAsciiStringShared(runtime, e.bytes, e.p, e.end - e.p).freeze(context));
        }
        i = service.getAliases().entryIterator();        
        while (i.hasNext()) {
            CaseInsensitiveBytesHash.CaseInsensitiveBytesHashEntry<Entry> e = 
                ((CaseInsensitiveBytesHash.CaseInsensitiveBytesHashEntry<Entry>)i.next());
            result.append(RubyString.newUsAsciiStringShared(runtime, e.bytes, e.p, e.end - e.p).freeze(context));
        }

        result.append(runtime.newString(EXTERNAL));
        result.append(runtime.newString(LOCALE));
        
        return result;
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    @JRubyMethod(name = "aliases", meta = true)
    public static IRubyObject aliases(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject recv) {
        Ruby runtime = context.runtime;
        EncodingService service = runtime.getEncodingService();

        IRubyObject list[] = service.getEncodingList();
        HashEntryIterator i = service.getAliases().entryIterator();
        RubyHash result = RubyHash.newHash(runtime);

        while (i.hasNext()) {
            CaseInsensitiveBytesHash.CaseInsensitiveBytesHashEntry<Entry> e = 
                ((CaseInsensitiveBytesHash.CaseInsensitiveBytesHashEntry<Entry>)i.next());
            IRubyObject alias = RubyString.newUsAsciiStringShared(runtime, e.bytes, e.p, e.end - e.p).freeze(context);
            IRubyObject name = RubyString.newUsAsciiStringShared(runtime, 
                                ((RubyEncoding)list[e.value.getIndex()]).name).freeze(context);
            result.fastASet(alias, name);
        }

        result.fastASet(runtime.newString(EXTERNAL),
                runtime.newString(new ByteList(runtime.getDefaultExternalEncoding().getName())));
        result.fastASet(runtime.newString(LOCALE),
                runtime.newString(new ByteList(service.getLocaleEncoding().getName())));

        return result;
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = "find", meta = true)
    public static IRubyObject find(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject recv, IRubyObject str) {
        Ruby runtime = context.runtime;

        // Wacky but true...return arg if it is an encoding looking for itself
        if (str instanceof RubyEncoding) return str;

        return runtime.getEncodingService().rubyEncodingFromObject(str);
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = "replicate")
    public IRubyObject replicate(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject arg) {
        return new RubyEncoding(context.runtime, arg.convertToString().getBytes(), getEncoding(), isDummy);
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = "_dump")
    public IRubyObject _dump(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject arg) {
        return to_s(context);
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = "_load", meta = true)
    public static IRubyObject _load(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject recv, IRubyObject str) {
        return find(context, recv, str);
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = "ascii_compatible?")
    public IRubyObject asciiCompatible_p(ThreadContext context) {
        return context.runtime.newBoolean(getEncoding().isAsciiCompatible());
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = {"to_s", "name"})
    public IRubyObject to_s(ThreadContext context) {
        // TODO: rb_usascii_str_new2
        return RubyString.newUsAsciiStringShared(context.runtime, name);
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = "inspect")
    public IRubyObject inspect(ThreadContext context) {
        ByteList bytes = new ByteList();
        bytes.append("#<Encoding:".getBytes());
        bytes.append(name);
        if (isDummy) bytes.append(" (dummy)".getBytes());
        bytes.append('>');
        return RubyString.newUsAsciiStringNoCopy(context.runtime, bytes);
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    @JRubyMethod(name = "names")
    public IRubyObject names(ThreadContext context) {
        Ruby runtime = context.runtime;
        EncodingService service = runtime.getEncodingService();
        Entry entry = service.findEncodingOrAliasEntry(name);

        RubyArray result = runtime.newArray();
        HashEntryIterator i;
        i = service.getEncodings().entryIterator();
        while (i.hasNext()) {
            CaseInsensitiveBytesHash.CaseInsensitiveBytesHashEntry<Entry> e = 
                ((CaseInsensitiveBytesHash.CaseInsensitiveBytesHashEntry<Entry>)i.next());
            if (e.value == entry) {
                result.append(RubyString.newUsAsciiStringShared(runtime, e.bytes, e.p, e.end - e.p).freeze(context));
            }
        }
        i = service.getAliases().entryIterator();        
        while (i.hasNext()) {
            CaseInsensitiveBytesHash.CaseInsensitiveBytesHashEntry<Entry> e = 
                ((CaseInsensitiveBytesHash.CaseInsensitiveBytesHashEntry<Entry>)i.next());
            if (e.value == entry) {
                result.append(RubyString.newUsAsciiStringShared(runtime, e.bytes, e.p, e.end - e.p).freeze(context));
            }
        }
        result.append(runtime.newString(EXTERNAL));
        result.append(runtime.newString(LOCALE));
        
        return result;
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = "dummy?")
    public IRubyObject dummy_p(ThreadContext context) {
        return context.runtime.newBoolean(isDummy);
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = "compatible?", meta = true)
    public static IRubyObject compatible_p(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject self, IRubyObject first, IRubyObject second) {
        Ruby runtime = context.runtime;
        Encoding enc = areCompatible(first, second);

        return enc == null ? runtime.getNil() : runtime.getEncodingService().getEncoding(enc);
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = "default_external", meta = true, compat = RUBY1_9)
    public static IRubyObject getDefaultExternal(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject recv) {
        return context.runtime.getEncodingService().getDefaultExternal();
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = "default_external=", meta = true, compat = RUBY1_9)
    public static IRubyObject setDefaultExternal(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject recv, IRubyObject encoding) {
        if (context.runtime.isVerbose()) context.runtime.getWarnings().warning("setting Encoding.default_external");
        EncodingUtils.rbEncSetDefaultExternal(context, encoding);
        return encoding;
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = "default_internal", meta = true, compat = RUBY1_9)
    public static IRubyObject getDefaultInternal(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject recv) {
        return context.runtime.getEncodingService().getDefaultInternal();
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = "default_internal=", required = 1, meta = true, compat = RUBY1_9)
    public static IRubyObject setDefaultInternal(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject recv, IRubyObject encoding) {
        if (context.runtime.isVerbose()) context.runtime.getWarnings().warning("setting Encoding.default_internal");
        EncodingUtils.rbEncSetDefaultInternal(context, encoding);
        return encoding;
    }
    
    @Deprecated
    public static IRubyObject getDefaultInternal(IRubyObject recv) {
        return getDefaultExternal(recv.getRuntime().getCurrentContext(), recv);
    }
    
    @Deprecated
    public static IRubyObject setDefaultInternal(IRubyObject recv, IRubyObject encoding) {
        return setDefaultExternal(recv.getRuntime().getCurrentContext(), recv, encoding);
    }

    @Deprecated
    public static IRubyObject getDefaultExternal(Ruby runtime) {
        return runtime.getEncodingService().getDefaultExternal();
    }

    @Deprecated
    public static IRubyObject getDefaultInternal(Ruby runtime) {
        return runtime.getEncodingService().getDefaultInternal();
    }

    @Deprecated
    public static IRubyObject convertEncodingToRubyEncoding(Ruby runtime, Encoding defaultEncoding) {
        return runtime.getEncodingService().convertEncodingToRubyEncoding(defaultEncoding);
    }

    @Deprecated
    public static Encoding getEncodingFromObject(Ruby runtime, IRubyObject arg) {
        return runtime.getEncodingService().getEncodingFromObject(arg);
    }
}
